SHORT HISTORY OF THE INSTITUTE
The Institute of Organic Chemistry of the National
Academy of Sciences of Ukraine is one of the leading scientific institutions
of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. The foundation of the Institute
is connected with activity of scientific schools of the Corresponding Member
of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR S.M.Reformatskii at Kyiv University
and of the Academician of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences V.G.Shaposhnikov
at Kyiv Polythechnical Institute.
In May 23, 1939 the Presidium of the Ukraininan
Academy of Sciences has adopted a decision about foundation of the Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Technology on the base of the Institute of Chemical
Technology of the Ukr. ASc. and the Department of Organic Chemistry of
the Institute of Chemistry of the Ukr.ASc. The Structure of the new-created
Institute consisted of four departments: the Department of general organic
synthesis, headed by Academician V.P.Yavorskii; the Department of fuel,
headed by Candidate of Science V.I.Kuznetsov; the Department of highmolecular
compounds, headed by Academician I.K.Matsurevich; the Department of fibrous
substances and dyes headed by Academician V.G.Shaposhnikov. Academician
of the Ukr. ASc. V.P.Yavorskii was appointed the Director of the Institute.
The Institute had a long and glorious way
of development during the years of the Great Patriotic War, after-war reconstruction
and tireless work of the last decades.
During the years of the Great Patriotic War
the Institute was evacuated to Ufa together with the Institute of Chemistry
of the Ukr.ASc., at that period of time both Institutes joined into one:
the Joint Institute of Chemistry of the Ukr.ASc.. In 1945 after returning
to Kyiv, the Joint Institute was devided to the Institute of Organic Chemistry
and the Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry. Academician Kiprianov
was appointed the Director of the Institute of Organic Chemistry.
In the 30-40ies the scientific research work
of the Institute was directed to study of organic substances of synthetic
and natural origin (Acad. I.K.Matsurevich); to the synthesis and investigation
of chemical transformations of aliphatic compounds (Acad. V.P.Yavorskii)
, aromatic and heterocyclic compounds (Acad. V.G.Shaposhnikov). Large work
was carried out in the field of chemistry and technology of carbohydrates
(Cor.Member of the Ukr. ASc. P.V.Golovin).
Since 1942 an intensive investigation has
been carried out in the field of the synthesis of cyanine dyes and the
problem of organic dyes colour at the Laboratory of Colour and Structure
of Organic Compounds (Academician A.I.Kiprianov).
After the War the range of scientific investigations
at the Institute has widened, the structure of the Institute changed.
In 1945 the Department of natural physiologically
active compounds was set up (Dr. B.G.Savinov; since 1960 - Candidate of
sciences O.A.Svishchuk), The work of the Department in the
field of craetion of synthetic vitamin analogues resulted in production
of vitamin “E” at Kyiv Vitamin Plant.
In 1947 Prof. E.O.Shilov
organised the Laboratory of the Organic Reaction Mechanisms, where
the fundamental investigations of the kinetics and mechanisms of addition
and substitution in organic reactions were carried out.
The Laboratory
of the Chemistry of Organophosphorus Componds was created at the Institute
with coming to the Institute of the Cor.Member of the Ukr. ASc. A.V.Kirsanov,
who was the disciple of Academician A.E.Chichibabin (1956). The main trend
of investigations in this laboratory was study of phosphorus-nitrous compounds.
The research work in the field of the synthesis
of biologically active compounds and first of all in the field of radioprotectors
(Doctor of Chemistry P.S.Pelkis), and chemistry of highmolecular compounds
(Doctor of Chemistry K.A.Kornev), were separated in two independent scientific
laboratories: the Laboratory of the Synthetic Physiologically Active Substances
(1958) and the Laboratory of the Highmolecular Compounds Chemistry(1951).
In 1958 the Institute of Polymers and
Monomers of the NASc of Ukraine was set up (Director: Cor.Member of the
Ukr. ASc. K.A.Kornev) at the ground of the Laboratory of Highmolecular
Chemistry.
In 1960 the Institute of Organic Chemistry
of the Ukr. ASc. was headed by Academician A.V.Kirsanov.
New scientific trends began to develop very quickly. At the 70ies eight
scientific departments were working in the field of the organoelement compounds
chemistry: the Department of Organophosphorus Compounds Chemistry (Dr.
V.I.Shevchenko; since 1978 - Dr. A.M.Pinchuk); the Department of Organoelement
Isocyanates Chemistry (1963, Cor.Member of the Ukr.ASc. G.I.Derkach); the
Department of the Organofluorine Chemistry (1965, Dr. L.M.Yagupolskii;
since 1988 - Dr. Yu.L.Yagupolskii); the Department of Complexing Organophosphorus
Compounds Chemistry (1965, Dr. N.G.Feschenko) ; the Department of Elementorganic
Compounds Chemistry (1970, Cor. Member of the Ukr.ASc. Yu.G.Gololobov;
snce 1982 - Dr. A.D.Sinitsa); the Department of Organosulfuric Compounds
Chemistry (1973, Dr. K.S.Levchenko); the Department of Phosphoranes Chemistry
(1975, Acad. L.N.Markovskii; since 1998 - Dr. V.I.Kalchenko); the Department
of Polyhaloidorganic Compounds Chemistry (1975, Acad. V.P.Kukhar).
New work on search of new herbicides and investigation
of dependence between the structure of organic compounds and their pesticide
activity had begun ( since 1960 at the laboratory of herbicide chemistry;
since 1972 at the Department of Pyrimidine Bases Chemistry, Dr. V.M.Cherkasov;
since 1963 at the Department of the Plant Growth Regulators Chemistry,
Candidate of chemical sciences Ya.M.Ivashchenko).
In 1963 there was organised the Department
of the Photosynthesis Chemistry (Cor.Member of the Ukr.ASc. A.A.Yasnikov).
The aim of the Department was to discover the mechanism of phosphorylation
and fixation of carbon dioxide by plants. The Department of semi-products
of dyes and physiologically active componds was set up in 1964 (Dr. S.M.Solodushenkov)
for solving of applied tasks of the Institute and creation of new organic
materials.
In 1972 the Department of Nitrous Heterocycles was created in
Odessa laboratory of the Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of
the Ukr.ASc. (Acad. O.V.Bogatskii), in 1977 this Department was included
into the Institute of Physical Chemistry of the Ukr.ASc..
In 60-70ies scientific schools of the oustanding
scientists in the field of organic and organoelement chemistry Academicians
A.I.Kiprianov, E.O.Shilov, A.V.Kirsanov were formed. Investigations in
the field of organofluorine compounds chemistry (Dr. L.M.Yagupolskii) and
biologically active substances chemistry (Dr. P.S.Pelkis) began to develop
intensively. These investigations contributed a lot into the formation
of appropriate scientific schools.
In 1983 the Subdivision of Bioorganic Chemistry
(Acad. V.P.Kukhar) was set up at the Institute, this Subdivision included
Department of Photosynthesis; Department of Pyrimidine Bases Chemistry;
Department of Polyhalogenorganic Compounds. In 1987 the Subdivision was
separated as the Institute of Bioorganic and Petroleum Chemistry of the
Ukr.ASc..
Since 1983 and for the following 15 years
the Institute of Organic Chemistry was headed by Academician L.N.Markovskii.
It was the period of creative power growth of the Institute and its formation
as important scientific centre in organic and heteroatom chemistry. At
that time new scientific trends were formed among which we want to mark
out chemistry of low-coordinated phosphorus and supramolecular chemistry
of macrocyclic compounds. Academician L.N.Markovskii gave a lot of his
energy and talent to the development of these scientific directions.
One of the main directions in activity of
the Institute was chemistry of physiologically active compounds, and first
of all, fundamental and applied investigations in creation of new medicinal
preparations substances for medicine and veterinary. The achievements of
the Institute in this field of science are aknowledged and connected with
tireless activity of Academician L.N.Markovsky.
Since 1998 Corresponding Member of the NASc.
of Ukraine M.O.Lozinskii has become the Director of the Institute.
At present, the Institute consists of nine
scientific Departments and the Pilot Plant. There are 263 workers at the
Institute, 113 of them are scientific workers, including 24 Doctors of
science and 82 Canidates of science.
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without the prior written permission of the publisher, Institute of Organic
Chemistry, Murmanska Str.,5, Kiyv-94, 02094, UKRAINE.
Created: April, 1, 2000.